Author :
Abstract
Afganistan İslam Cumhuriyeti’nin öncülü olan ve 1747’de Ahmet Şah Durrani tarafından kurulan Afgan İmparatorluğu’ndan günümüze kadar geçen süre boyunca Afganistan’da uzun soluklu istikrar ortamı sağlanamamıştır. Kuzeyden Sovyet Rusya’nın, Güneyden Britanya’nın baskısı altında kalan ülkede uluslaşma ve modernleşme girişimleri başarıya ulaşmamıştır. Coğrafî yapı, ekonomik sorunlar, yolsuzluk, kaynakların etkin kullanılamaması, çok kültürlü toplumsal yapı, eğitim sisteminin yetersiz altyapısı, adalet sisteminin işlememesi gibi istikrarsızlığa neden olan etkenlere ilave olarak, ülkede istikrarın önündeki en önemli engel uyuşturucu ekonomisidir. Pakistan ve İran’la birlikte literatürde Altın Hilal içinde sayılan ülkede afyon ekonomisi 1989’da SSCB işgali sonrasında artarak devam etmiştir. Başlangıçta mücahit gruplar tarafından SSCB’ye karşı verilen mücadelenin finansmanını sağlaması nedeniyle Batı tarafından hoş görülen uyuşturucu ekonomisi, iç savaş döneminde grupların birbirleri ile mücadelelerinin de finans kaynağı olmuştur. Afganistan’da kökleri derinlerde olan siyasi ve ekonomik istikrarsızlık terör yapılanmalarını ve organize suç gruplarını cezp etmiştir. Bugün karmaşık ilişkiler ağıyla örülmüş politik yapı nedeniyle ülkede yaşanan güvenlik sorunları bölge ülkelerini tehdit etmekte ve küresel güvenlik sorunlarına yol açmaktadır.
Keywords
Abstract
Since Afghan Empire Period, the precessor of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, which was founded by Ahmad Shah Durrani in 1747, long- period stability has not been installed in Afghanistan. Because of the pressure of Soviet Russia from north and Britain Empire from south, modernism and nation-building attempts have not been succeeded. I addition to the reasons that cause unstability in Afghanistan like geographical structure, economic problems, corruption, ineffective using of sources, multi-culturel social structure, insufficient infrastructure of education sytem, uselessness of justice system, the main obstacle against stability is drug economy. As being involved in Golden Crescent with Pakistan and Iran, the opium economy has been expanded since Soviet invesion in 1989. The drug economy which was tolerated by West because of funding mujahid groups struggling against SSCB, also funded the armed groups during the civil war period. The deep-rooted politic and economic unstabilities in Afghanistan has been attracted terrorist organizations and organized crime syndicates. Recently, because of the political structure that is spinned by complicated relations, the security problems arised in Afghanistan have been threaded the countries in the region and caused global security problems.
Keywords
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