TAKİPÇİ MÜKEMMELİYETÇİLİĞİ İLE DUYGUSAL TÜKENMİŞLİK ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİDE PSİKOLOJİK İYİ OLUŞ VE LİDERLİK TARZLARININ ROLÜ

Author :  

Year-Number: 2017-7
Yayımlanma Tarihi: 2019-02-19 08:10:53.0
Language : Türkçe
Konu :
Number of pages: 37-57
Mendeley EndNote Alıntı Yap

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, takipçilerin mükemmeliyetçilik skorları ile duygusal tükenmişlik skorları arasındaki ilişki, bu ilişkide psikolojik iyi oluşun aracı rolü ve mükemmeliyetçilik ile psikolojik iyi oluş arasında otokratik/demokratik liderlik tarzlarının düzenleyici rolü araştırılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini 304 akademisyen oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada uyumsuz mükemmeliyetçiliği artan akademisyenlerin deneyimledikleri duygusal tükenmenin de arttığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca uyumlu mükemmeliyetçilik skorları yüksek akademisyenlerin psikolojik iyi oluş düzeylerinin arttığı, uyumsuz mükemmeliyetçilik skorları yükseldikçe psikolojik iyi oluşun azaldığı görülmektedir. Psikolojik iyi oluş ile duygusal tükenme arasında negatif ilişki bulunmuştur. Takipçi mükemmeliyetçiliği ile duygusal tükenme arasındaki ilişkide psikolojik iyi oluş değişkeninin kısmi aracı role sahip olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Diğer taraftan liderlik tarzlarının, takipçi mükemmeliyetçiliği ile psikolojik iyi oluş arasındaki ilişkiyi biçimlendiren rolü olduğunu destekleyen bulgular elde edilmiştir.

Keywords

Abstract

In this study, the relationship between the perfectionism scores of followers and their emotional exhaustion scores, the mediator role of psychological well-being in this relationship, and the role of autocratic/democratic leadership styles in relationship between perfectionism and psychological wellbeing were examined. The sample of this study consists of 304 academicians. It was concluded that the emotional exhaustion levels of academicians having increased divergent perfectionism also increased. Moreover, increasing coherent perfectionism scores indicated the increasing psychological wellbeing, while increasing divergent perfectionism scores indicated the decreasing level of psychological well-being. A negative relationship was determined between the psychological well-being and emotional exhaustion. It was also concluded that psychological well-being parameter has a partial intermediary role in relationship between follower perfectionism and emotional exhaustion. On the other hand, it was also determined that the leadership styles have a role shaping the relationship between follower perfectionism and psychological well-being.

Keywords


  • Aiken, Leona S. ve Stephen G. West (1991), Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interacti- ons, Newbury Park: Sage.

  • Alden, Lynn E., Peter J. Bieling ve Scott T. Wallace (1994), “Perfectionism in an interpersonal con- text: A self-regulation analysis of dysphoria and social anxiety”, Cognitive Therapy and Research, 4: 297-316.

  • Aypay, Ayşe ve Ali Eryılmaz (2011), “Relationships of High School Student’ Subjective Well-Being and School Burnout”, International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 3(1): 181-199.

  • Antony, Martin M. ve Richard Swinson (1998), When perfect isn't good enough: Strategies for coping with perfectionism, Oakland, CA: New Harbinger.

  • Antony, Martin M., Christine L. Purdona, Veronika Hutad ve Richard P. Swinson (1998), “Dimensi- ons of perfectionism across the anxiety disorders”, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36: 1143-1154.

  • Ashby, Jeffrey S. ve Terry Kottman (1996), “Inferiority as a distinction between normal and neurotic perfectionism”, Individual Psychology: Journal of Adlerian Theory, Research & Practice, 52(3): 237-245.

  • Balevre, Park S., Julie Cassells ve Elena Buzaianu (2012), “Professional nursing burnout and irrational thinking”, Journal for Nurses in Staff Development, 28 (1): 2-8.

  • Baron, Reuben M. ve David A. Kenny (1986), “The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51: 1173-1182.

  • Bass, Bernard M. (1990), Bass & Stogdill’s Handbook of Leadership, Theory, Research, and Manage- rial Applications, 3.Edition, The Free Press, New York.

  • Beaumont, Elaine, Mark Durkin, Caroline J. Hollins Martin ve Jerome Carson (2016), “Compassion for others, self-compassion, quality of life and mental well-being measures and their association with compassion fatigue and burnout in student midwives: A quantitative survey”, Midwifery, 34: 239-244.

  • Bieling, Peter J., Anne L. Israeli ve Martin M Antony (2004), “Is Perfectionism Good, Bad Or Both? Examining Models of the Perfectionism Construct”, Personality and Individual Differences, 36(6): 1373-1385.

  • Blatt, Sidney J. (1995), “The destructiveness of perfectionism: Implications for the treatment of dep- ression”, American Psychologist, 50: 1003–1020.

  • Brunstein, Joachim C. (1993), “Personal goals and subjective well-being: A longitudinal study”, Jour- nal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65: 1061–1070.

  • Bryman, Alan, David Collinson, Keith Grint, Brad Jackson ve Mary Uhl-Bien (2011), The SAGE handbook of leadership, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

  • Burns, James M. (1978), Leadership, New York: Harper & Row.

  • Burns, David D. (1980), “The perfectionists script for self-defeat”, Psychology Today, Nowember, 34- 52.

  • Butt, Farva M. (2010), “The role of perfectionism in psychological health: A study of adolescents in Pakistan”, Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 4: 125-147.

  • Chang, Edward C. (2002), “Examining the Link Between Perfectionism and Psychological Malad- justment: Social Problem Solving as a Buffer”, Cognitive Therapy and Research, 26(5): 581595.

  • Chang, Eunbi, Ahram Lee, Eunji Byeon, Hyunmo Seong ve Sang Min Lee (2016), “The mediating effect of motivational types in the relationship between perfectionism and academic burnout”, Personality and Individual Differences, 89: 202-210.

  • Chang, Huo-Tsan, Yu-Jia Chou, Jia-Wen Liou ve Yi-Ting Tu (2016), “The effects of perfectionism on innovative behavior and job burnout: Team workplace friendship as a moderator”, Personality and Individual Differences, 96: 260-265.

  • Chang, Edward C. ve Lawrence J. Sanna (2001), “Negative attributional style as a moderator of the link between perfectionism and depressive symptoms: Preliminary evidence for an integrative model”, Journal of Counseling Psychology, 48: 490–495.

  • Childs, Julian H. ve Joachim Stoeber (2012), “Do you want me to be perfect? Two longitudinal studies on socially prescribed, stress and boutnout in the workplace”, Work & Stress, 26(4): 347-364.

  • Çam, Zekeriya, Kaan Zülfikar Deniz ve Arzu Kurnaz (2014), “Okul Tükenmişliği: Algılanan Sosyal Destek, Mükemmeliyetçilik ve Stres Değişkenlerine Dayalı Bir Yapısal Eşitlik Modeli Sınaması”, Eğitim ve Bilim, 39(173): 312-325.

  • Çapri, Burhan (2006), “Tükenmişlik Ölçeğinin Türkçe Uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışma- sı”, Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 2(1): 62-77.

  • Day, David V. ve John Antonakis (2012), Leadership: Past, present, future. In D. V. Day & J. Anto- nakis (Eds.), The Nature of Leadership (2nd ed., pp. 3-25). Thousand Oaks: Sage.

  • Deci, Edward L. ve Richard M. Ryan (2000), “The ‘What’ and ‘Why’ of Goal Pursuits: Human Needs and the Self-Determination of Behavior”, Psychological Inquiry, 11: 227-268.

  • DeNeve, Kristina M. ve Harris Cooper (1998), “The happy personality: A meta-analysis of 137 perso- nality traits and subjective well-being”, Psychological Bulletin, 124(2): 197–229.

  • Diener, Ed (1984), “Subjective well-being”, Psychological Bulletin, 95(3): 542-575.

  • Diener, Ed, Robert A. Emmons, Randy J. Larsen ve Sharon Griffin (1985), “The satisfaction with life scale”, Journal of Personality Assessment, 49: 71–75.

  • Diener, Ed ve Carol Diener (1996), “Most people are happy”, Psychological Science, 7: 181-185.

  • Diener, Ed, Eunkook M. Suh, Richard Lucas ve Heidi L. Smith (1999), “Subjective Well-Being: Three Decades of Progress”, Psychological Bulletin, 125(2): 276-302.

  • Diener, Ed, Derrick Wirtz, Robert Biswas-Diener, William Tov, Chu Kim-Prieto, Dong-won Choi ve Shigehiro Oishi (2009), “New measures of well-being”, Social Indicators Research Series, 39.

  • Diener, Ed, Christie Napa Scollon ve Richard E. Lucas (2009), “The evolving concept of subjective well-being: The multifaceted nature of happiness”, Social Indicators Research Series, 39: 67

  • Diener, Ed, Derrick Wirtz, William Tov, Chu Kim-Prieto, Dong-won Choi, Shigehiro Oishi ve Robert Biswas-Diener (2010), “New well-being measures: Short scales to assess flourishing and positive and negative feelings”, Social Indicators Research, 97: 143–156.

  • Enns, Murray W. ve Brian J. Cox (1999), “Perfectionism and depressive symptom severity in major depressive disorder”, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 37: 784–794.

  • Ergin, Canan (1992), “Doktor ve Hemşirelerde Tükenmişlik ve Maslach Tükenmişlik Ölçeğinin Uyar- lanması”, VII. Ulusal Psikoloji Kongresi Bilimsel Çalışmaları, Ankara: Türk Psikologlar Derneği Yayını, 143-154.

  • Farber, Barry A. (2000), “Treatment for different types of teacher burnout”, Journal of Clinical Psyc- hology, 56(5): 675-689.

  • Flett, Gordon L., Dara Madorsky, Paul L. Hewitt ve Marnin J. Heisel (2004), “Perfectionism Cogniti- ons, Rumination, and Psychological Distress”, Journal of Rational-Emotive & CognitiveBehavior Therapy, 2081): 33-47.

  • Freudenberger, Herbert J. (1977), “Burnout: The Organizational Menace”, Training and Development Journal, 26-28.

  • Freudenberger, Herbert J. ve Geraldine Richelson (1981), Burn-Out; How to Beat the High Cost of Success, Bantam Books, New York.

  • Frost, Randy O., Patricia Marten, Cathleen Lahart ve Robin Rosenblate (1990), “The dimensions of perfectionism”, Cognitive Theory and Research, 14: 449-468.

  • Frost, Randy O., Richard G. Heimberg, Craig S. Holt, Jill I. Mattia ve Amy L. Neubauer (1993), “A comparison of two measures of perfectionism”, Personality and Individual Differences, 14: 119-126.

  • Gardner, John W. (1990), On Leadership, New York: Free Press.

  • Gnilka, Philip B., Jeffrey S. Ashby ve Christina M. Noble (2013), “Adaptive and Maladaptive Perfec- tionism as Mediators of Adult Attachment Styles and Depression, Hopelessness, and Life Satisfaction”, Journal of Counseling & Development, 91: 78-86.

  • Gülova, Asena, Deniz İspirli ve İnan Eryılmaz (2014). “İşkoliklik Ve Tükenmişlik Arasındaki İlişki- nin İncelenmesine Yönelik Beyaz Yakalılar Üzerine Bir Araştırma”, Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 19: 25-39.

  • Gürbüz, Sait ve Faruk Şahin (2016), Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri, Seçkin Yayıncılık, An- kara.

  • Haase, Anne M., Harry Prapavessis ve R. Glynn Owens (2013), “Domain-specificity in perfectionism: Variations across domains of life”, Personality and Individual Differences, 55: 711-715.

  • Hamachek, Don E. (1978), “Psychodynamics of Normal and Neurotic Perfectionism”, Psychology, 15:

  • Hardiman, Piers ve Janette G. Simmonds (2013), “Spiritual well-being, burnout and trauma in coun- sellors and psychotherapists”, Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 16(10): 1044-1055.

  • Headey, Bruce (2008), “Life Goals Matter to Happiness: A Revision of Set-Point Theory”, Social Indicators Research, 86: 213–231.

  • Hewitt., Paul L. ve Dennis G. Dyck (2005), “Perfectionism, stress, and vulnerability to depression”, Journal of Cognitive Therapy and Research, 10: 137-142.

  • Hewitt, Paul L. ve Flett, Gordon L. (1990), “Perfectionism and depression: A Multidimensional analy- sis”. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 5: 423-438.

  • Hewitt, Paul L. ve Gordon L. Flett (1991a), “Dimensions of perfectionism in unipolar depression”, Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100: 98-101.

  • Hewitt, Paul L. ve Gordon L. Flett (1991b), “Perfectionism in the self and social contexts: Conceptua- lization, assessment, and association with psychopathology”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60: 456-470.

  • Hickman, Gill Robinson (2009), Leading Organizations: Perspectives for a New Era, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

  • Hollender, Marc H. (1965), “Perfectionism”, Comprehensive Psychiatry, 6: 94-103.

  • Job, Veronika, Thomas A. Langens ve Veronika Brandstätter (2009), “Effects of Achievement Goal Striving on Well-Being: The Moderating Role of the Explicit Achievement Motive”, Society for Personality and Social Psychology, 35: 983-996.

  • Joiner, Thomas E. ve Norman B. Schmidt (1995), “Dimensions of perfectionism, life stress, and dep- ressed and anxious symptoms: Prospective support for diathesis-stress but not specific vulnerability among male undergraduates”, Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 14: 165–

  • Kaschka, Wolfgang P., Dieter Korczak ve Karl Broich (2011), “Burnout: A fashionable diagnosis”, Deutsches Ärzteblatt International, 108(46): 781-787.

  • Kanten, Pelin ve Murat Yeşiltaş (2015), “The Effects of Positive and Negative Perfectionism on Work Engagement, Psychological Well-Being and Emotional Exhaustion”, Procedia Economics and Finance, 23: 1367 – 1375.

  • Sumi, Katsunori ve Koji Kanda (2002), “Relationship between neurotic perfectionism, depression, anxiety, and psychosomatic symptoms: a prospective study among Japanese men”, Personality and individual differences, 32: 817-826.

  • Kawamura, Kathleen Y., Sandra L. Hunt, Randy O. Frost ve Patricia Marten DiBartolo (2001), “Per- fectionism, Anxiety, and Depression: Are the Relationships Independent?”, Cognitive Therapy and Research, 2: 5910-5916.

  • Keyes, Corey L. M., Dov Shmotkin ve Carol D. Ryff (2002), “Optimizing well-being: The empirical encounter of two traditions”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82: 1007–1022.

  • Koçel, Tamer (2010), İşletme Yöneticiliği, Beta Basım Yayım, İstanbul.

  • Locke, Edwin A. ve Gary P. Latham (2006), “New Directions in Goal-Setting Theory”, Current Di- rections in Psychological Science, 15(5): 265-268.

  • Lynd-Stevenson, Robert M. ve Christie M. Hearne (1999), “Perfectionism and depressive affect:The pros and cons of being a perfectionist”, Personality and Individual Differences, 26: 549-562.

  • Maslach, Christina ve Susan E. Jackson (1981), “The Measurement of Experienced Burnout”, Journal of Occupational Behaviour, 2: 99-113.

  • Maslach, Christina ve Philip G. Zimbardo (1982), Burnout – The Cost of Caring, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.

  • Maslach, Christina, Wilmar B. Schaufeli ve Michael P. Leiter (2001), “Job burnout”, Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1): 397-422.

  • Minarik, Maureen L. ve Anthony H. Ahrens (1996), “Relations of eating behavior and symptoms of depression and anxiety to the dimensions of perfectionism among undergraduate women”, Cognitive Therapy and Research, 20: 155-169.

  • Mitchelson, Jacqueline K. (2009), “Seeking the perfect balance: Perfectionism and work-family conf- lict”, Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 82: 349-367.

  • Narainsamy, Kalashni ve Sanet Van Der Westhuizen (2013), “Work Related Well-Being: Burnout, Work Engagement, Occupational Stress and Job Satisfaction within a Medical Laboratory Setting”, Journal of Psychology in Africa. 23(3): 467-474.

  • Nunnally, Jum C. (1978), Psychometric theory (2nd ed.), New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.

  • Özen, Yener (2010), “Kişisel Sorumluluk Bağlamında Öznel ve Psikolojik İyi Oluş”, Dicle üniversite- si SBE Dergisi, 2(4): 46-58.

  • Pacht, Asher R. (1984), “Reflections on perfection”, American Psychologist, 39: 386-390.

  • Page, Jennifer, Monroe A. Bruch ve Richard F. Haase, (2008), “Role of Perfectionism and Five-Factor model tratis in career indecision”, Personality and Individual Differences, 45: 811-815.

  • Pines, A Malach (2000), “Nurses’ Burnout: An Existential Psychodynamic Perspective”, Journal of Psychosocial Nursing ve Mental Health Services, 38(2): 23-31.

  • Ram, Alison (2005), “The Relationship of Positive and Negative Perfectionism to Academic Achie- vement, Achievement Motivation, and Well-Being in Tertiary Students”, Master of Arts in Psychology, University of Canterbury.

  • Rice, Kenneth G., Jeffrey S. Ashby ve Karen J. Preusser (1996), “Perfectionism, relationships with parents, and self-esteem”, Individual Psychology, 52: 246-260.

  • Richman, Diana R. ve Thomas J. Nardi (1985), “A rational-emotive approach to understanding and treating burnout”, Journal of Rational-Emotive and Cognitive-Behaviour Therapy, 3(1): 55

  • Rost, Joseph (1991), Leadership for twenty-first century, New York: Praeger Publisher.

  • Ryff, Carol D. ve Corey Lee M. Keyes (1995), “The structure of psychological well-being revisited”, Journal of

  • Saboonchi, Fredrik ve Lars-Gunnar Lundh (2003), “Perfectionism, anger, somatic health and positive affect”, Personality and Individual Differences, 35, 1585-1599.

  • Sapmaz, Fatma (2006), “Üniversite öğrencilerinin uyumlu ve uyumsuz mükemmelliyetçilik özellikle- rinin psikolojik belirti düzeyleri açısından incelenmesi”, Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi, Sakarya Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Sakarya.

  • Scott, Joe (2007), “The Effect of Perfectionism and Unconditional Self-acceptance on Depression”, Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 25(1): 35-64.

  • Schaufeli, Wilmar B., Arnold B. Bakker, Frank M.M.A. van der Heijden ve Jelle T. Prins (2009), “Workhaholism, burnout and well-being among junior doctors: The mediating role of role conflict”, Work & Stress, 23(2): 155-172.

  • Shafran, Roz, Zafra Cooper ve Christopher G. Fairburn (2002), “Clinical perfectionism: a cognitive- behavioural analysis”, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40: 773-791.

  • Shcherbakova, Julia (2001), “Moderating effects of selfefficacy on the relationship between perfectio- nism and depression among college student”, Unpublished Doctoral Thesis, Mississippi State University, Mississippi.

  • Slade, Peter D., David B Coppel ve Brenda D. Townes (2009), “Neurocognitive correlates of positive and negative perfectionism”, International Journal of Neuroscience, 119: 1741-1754.

  • Slaney, Robert B., Michael Mobley, Joseph Trippi, Jeffrey S. Ashby, ve Johnson, D. G. (1996), The Almost Perfect Scale-Revised, Unpublished Manuscript. The Pennsylvania State University.

  • Slaney, Robert B. ve Jeffrey S. Ashby (1996), “Perfectionists: Study of a Criterion Group”, Journal of Counselling and Development, 74(4): 393-398.

  • Slaney, Robert B., Jeffrey S. Ashby, Joseph Trippi (1995), “Perfectionism: Its Measurement and Ca- reer-Relevance”, Journal of Career Assessment, 3: 279-297.

  • Slaney, Robert B., Kenneth G. Rice, Michael Mobley, Joseph Trippi ve Jeffrey S. Ashby (2001), “The Revised Almost Perfect Scale”, Measurement and Evaluation in Counselling and Development, 34: 130-144.

  • Sobel, Michael E. (1982), Asymptotic confidence intervals for indirect effects in structural equation models, In S. Leinhardt (Ed.), Sociological Methodology 1982 (pp. 290-312), Washington DC: American Sociological Association.

  • Stoeber, Joachim ve Anna Rambow (2007), “Perfectionism in adolescent school students: Relations with motivation, achievement, and well-being”, Personality and Individual Differences, 42:

  • Stoeber, Joachim ve Dirk Rennert (2008), “Perfectionism in school teachers: relation with stress app- raisal, coping styles, and burnout”, Anxiety, Stress and Coping, 21(1): 37-53.

  • Stoeber, Joachim, Charlotte R. Davis ve Jessica Townley (2013), “Perfectionism and workaholism in employees: The role of work motivation”, Personality and Individual Differences, 55: 733

  • Stogdill, Ralph M. (1974), Handbook of leadership: A survey of the literatüre, New York: Free Press.

  • Tatlılıoğlu, Kasım (2015), “Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Aylık Gelir ve Harcama Düzeyi İle Psikolojik İyi Oluşları Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi (Bingöl Üniversitesi Örneği)”, Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 14(55): 1-15.

  • Telef, Bülent B. (2013), “Psikolojik İyi Oluş Ölçeği (PİOO): Türkçeye Uyarlama, Geçerlik ve Güve- nirlik Çalışması”, Hacettepe Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 28(3): 374-384.

  • Terry-Short L.A., Owens R.G., Slade P.D., Dewey M.E. (1995), “Positive and Negative perfectio- nism”, Personality and Individual Differences, 18: 663-668.

  • Türkmen, Mustafa (2012), “Öznel İyi Oluşun Yapısı ve Anababa Tutumları, Özsaygı ve Sosyal Des- tekle İlişkisi: Bir Model Sınaması”, Uşak Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 5(1): 41-73.

  • Tziner, Aharon ve Miri Tanamia (2013), “Examining the links between attachment, perfectionism, and job motivation potential with job engagement and workaholism”, Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 29: 65-74.

  • Uçan, Ayşegül ve Binnaz Kıran Esen (2015), “Ergenlerin Öznel İyi Oluşlarının Toplumsal Konum İle İlgili Risk Alma Değişkenine Göre İncelenmesi”, Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(2): 288-299.

  • Zhang, Yiwen, Yiqun Gan ve Heining Cham (2007), “Perfectionism, academic burnout and enga- gement among Chinese college students: A structural equation modeling analysis”, Personality and Individual Differences, 43(6): 1529-1540.

                                                                                                                                                                                                        
  • Article Statistics